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Programming Jakarta Struts

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Programming Jakarta Struts
By Chuck Cavaness


Table of Contents 

Chapter 1 This chapter discusses some preliminary concepts, such as the MVC pattern, Model 2, and the
idea of a software framework. Although many developers may already be familiar with some
or all of the ideas presented here, I wanted to ensure that all readers are starting from the same
place. The concepts presented in this chapter help to lay the foundation for the rest of the
book.

Chapter 2 The Struts framework is based on the Java Servlet technology and, to a lesser extent,
JavaServer Pages, and therefore is tightly coupled to a web container. For Struts developers,
understanding how the web container processes client requests is fundamental to
understanding the framework itself. This chapter discusses the components of the web
container and the responsibilities of each.

Chapter 3 This chapter provides an overview of the Struts framework; it does not attempt to cover all of
the features or go into significant depth. It emphasizes how all the pieces fit into the MVC
and Model 2 architecture presented in Chapter 1.

Chapter 4 The Struts framework uses two separate but somewhat related types of configuration files,
which must be configured properly before an application will function properly. Due to the
popularity and flexibility of XML, both types of configuration files are based on XML. This
chapter presents the syntax of the files.

Chapter 5 The Struts framework uses a servlet to process incoming requests; however, it relies on many
other components that are part of the controller domain to help it carry out its responsibilities.
This chapter takes in-depth look at the components that are responsible for the controller
functionality in the framework.

Chapter 6 This chapter introduces the components that make up the model portion of a Struts
application. The model represents the business data for an application and should closely
resemble the real-world entities and business processes for the organization. This chapter
explores the roles and responsibilities of the model components within the Struts framework
and focuses on building an architecturally correct implementation for the Storefront
application. Special attention is given to using a persistence framework that can be integrated
into a Struts application easily and effortlessly.

Chapter 7 introduces the components that make up the view portion of the Struts framework.
The framework uses the view components to render dynamic content for the client. Based
primarily on JavaServer Pages, the components provide support for internationalized
applications as well as for user-input acceptance, validation, and error handling, all of which
make it easier for the developer to focus on business requirements. This chapter concludes the
three-part discussion of how the Struts framework implements the MVC pattern.

Chapter 8 This chapter looks at the different categories of tags and how they can help make developing
applications with the Struts framework even easier. It is not meant to be an exhaustive
reference for every tag that's part of the Struts tag libraries—that information can be found
within the Struts user guide or JavaDocs. The real purpose of this chapter is to put forth the
benefits of using the Struts tag libraries and to provide a few strategies that can help make the
switch to using the tags less painful.

Chapter 9 One of the biggest advantages of using a framework is the ability to extend and customize it
based on the needs of the application. The Struts framework is no exception; it provides
several important extension points for developers. This chapter takes a quick glance at several
of those extension points and examines the benefits and drawbacks of extending the
framework.

Chapter 10 This chapter looks at how to use the Java exception-handling mechanism within your Struts
applications to make them more robust and allow them to respond gracefully when things
don't go as expected. Special attention is given to the differences between performing the
exception handling programmatically and using the new declarative feature added to the
Struts framework in Version 1.1.

Chapter 11 This chapter introduces the Validator framework, which was created specifically to work with
Struts components. The Validator allows you to declaratively configure validation routines
for a Struts application without having to program special validation logic.

Chapter 12 This chapter focuses on what it takes to make a Struts application available to customers from
around the world, regardless of their language or geographical location. As is often the case in
software development, planning ahead is the most important thing that you can do to help
ensure success. After reading this chapter, you should be able to build Struts applications that
can support a broad range of customers.

Chapter 13 covers the issues you need to consider when developing an interface between your
Struts actions and an application tier. It focuses on interfacing to a model built using
Enterprise JavaBeansTM (EJB).

Chapter 14 This chapter looks at the Tiles framework, which now is part of the core Struts distribution.
The Tiles framework is an advanced templating framework that reduces the amount of
redundant code a web application contains and allows developers to better separate content
from layout.

Chapter 15 This chapter examines how the use of logging in your Struts applications can help you
identify defects before the applications get into production and, if your software already is
being used in production, how logging can help you identify problems and arrive at solutions
much more quickly.

Chapter 16 This chapter discusses the best practices for packaging and deploying a Struts application and
what it takes to automate the build process for your environment. Special coverage is given to
Ant, the Java-based build tool available from Jakarta.

Chapter 17 This chapter explores the performance implications of using the Struts framework and its
associated technologies to build web applications and discusses how certain design and
programming decisions affect the overall performance of the applications. It covers
performance, load, and stress testing, and the steps necessary to carry out each




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